A Profile of Teresa of Avila

Like Catherine of Siena, the other woman named Doctor of the Church with Teresa of Avila  in 1970, Teresa also lived in turbulent times: the New World had been opened to exploration just before her birth, the Inquisition had been influencing the church in Spain, and the Reformation began two years after she was born in 1515 in à vila in what is now known as Spain. Teresa was born into a well-to-do family, long established in Spain. Some 20 years before she was born, in 1485, under Ferdinand and Isabella, the Tribunal of the Inquisition in Spain offered to pardon conversos—Jews who had converted to Christianity—if they had secretly been continuing Jewish practices. Teresas paternal grandfather and Teresas father were among those who confessed and were paraded through the streets in Toledo as repentance. Teresa was one of ten children in her family. As a child, Teresa was pious and outgoing—sometimes a mixture that her parents couldnt handle. When she was seven years old, she and her brother left home planning to travel to Muslim territory to be beheaded. They were stopped by an uncle. Entering the Convent Teresas father sent her at 16 to the Augustinian Convent Sta. Maria de Gracia, when her mother died. She returned home when she fell ill, and spent three years there recovering. When Teresa decided to enter the convent as a vocation, her father at first refused his permission. In 1535, Teresa entered the Carmelite monastery at à vila, the Monastery of the Incarnation. She took her vows in 1537, taking the name of Teresa of Jesus. The Carmelite rule required being cloistered, but many monasteries did not enforce the rules strictly. Many of the nuns of Teresas time lived away from the convent, and when at the convent, followed the rules rather loosely. Among the times Teresa left was to nurse her dying father. Reforming the Monasteries Teresa began experiencing visions, in which she received revelations telling her to reform her religious order. When she began this work, she was in her 40s. In 1562 Teresa of Avila founded her own convent. She re-emphasized prayer and poverty, coarse rather than fine materials for clothing, and wearing sandals instead of shoes. Teresa had the support of her confessor and others, but the city objected, claiming that they could not afford to support a convent that enforced a strict poverty rule. Teresa had the help of her sister and her sisters husband in finding a house to begin her new convent. Soon, working with St. John of the Cross and others, she was working to establish the reform throughout the Carmelites. With the support of the head of her order, she began to establish other convents that maintained the orders rule strictly. But she also met opposition. At one point her opposition within the Carmelites tried to get her exiled to the New World. Eventually, Teresas monasteries separated as the Discalced Carmelites (calced referring to the wearing of footwear). Writings of Teresa of Avila Teresa completed her autobiography in 1564, covering her life until 1562. Most of her works, including her Autobiography, were written at the demand of authorities in her order, to demonstrate that she was doing her work of reform for holy reasons. She was under regular investigation by the Inquisition, in part because her grandfather was a Jew. She objected to these assignments, wanting to work instead on the practical founding and managing of convents and the private work of prayer. But it is by those writings that we know her and her theological ideas. She also wrote, over five years, the Way of Perfection, perhaps her best-known writing, completing it in 1566. In it, she gave guidelines for reforming monasteries. Her basic rules required love of God and of fellow Christians, emotional detachment from human relationships for full focus on God, and Christian humility. In 1580, she completed another of her major writings, Castle Interior. This was an explanation of the spiritual journey of the religious life, using the metaphor of a many-roomed castle. Again, the book was widely read by suspicious Inquisitors—and this wide dissemination may have actually helped her writings achieve a wider audience. In 1580, Pope Gregory XIII formally recognized the Discalced Reform order Teresa had begun. In 1582, she completed another book of guidelines for the religious life within the new order, Foundations. While in her writings she intended to lay out and describe a path to salvation, Teresa accepted that individuals would find their own paths. Death and Legacy Teresa of Avila, known also as Teresa of Jesus, died at Alba in October of 1582 while attending a birth. The Inquisition had not yet completed its investigations of her thought for possible heresy at the time of her death. Teresa of Avila was declared a Patroness of Spain in 1617 and was canonized in 1622, at the same time as Francis Xavier, Ignatius Loyola, and Philip Neri. She was made a Doctor of the Church—one whose doctrine is recommended as inspired and in accord with church teachings—in 1970.

A Report On The Marketing Movement Of The Women s...

Chip Wilson had a passion for technical athletic fabrics and after taking his first yoga class in Vancouver, British Columbia he found a problem. The cotton clothing that was used for yoga was completely inappropriate and too sweaty for him. In 1998 he opened up a design studio for yoga clothing that also served as a yoga studio at night. He asked the yoga instructors to wear his apparel and in return he received positive feedback. In November of 2000, Wilson opened up lululemon’s first real store, called Kitsilano. Wilson had a vision that this store would be a community hub where people could talk about all aspects of healthy living. Wilson saw his brand as a way to fill the void in the women’s athletic market. Lululemon’s mission statement is providing people with the components to live a longer, healthier, and more fun life. More stores expanded in the Vancouver area and in 2002 even expanded into the United States. By 2005, the company had 14 company-owned s tores and one franchised store. By 2007, the company’s owners elected to take the company public. Lululemon proved to be a growing company. Chip Wilson stepped down from his executive position as lululemon’s Chief innovation and branding officer executive on January 29, 2012. Since Lululemon was started in Vancouver, British Columbia, the European Union has many political influences on their economy. The UK government can influence trade and encourage sales of British goods abroad. This directly affects the salesShow MoreRelatedThe Global Fitness And Athletic Clothing Stores1637 Words   |  7 PagesSITUATION ANALYSIS The global fitness and athletic clothing stores industry generates more than 1.9 billion US dollars per annum (IBISWorld, 2015). Lululemon Athletica provides high quality apparel for the ever-growing global health conscious population (WHO | World Health Statistics 2015, 2016). A SWOT analysis (Appendix 1) illustrates potential and weakness of this hugely successful brand. Furthermore, environmental factors can play a role in the company s operations. Macro Environmental FactorsRead MoreNikes Athletic Footwear Products1659 Words   |  7 PagesNike was founded in 1964 and is headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. It is the world’s largest supplier of athletic apparel and sports equipment, worth over 105 billion dollars. Nike sells its products to retail accounts, through Nike-owned retail stores and Internet Websites through a mix of independent distributors and licensees throughout the world. Independent contractors manufacture all of Nike’s products; including all of its footwear and apparel products, which are produced outside the UnitedRead MoreThe Strategic Differences Between Under Armour and Lululemon4238 Words   |  17 PagesExecutive Summary Athletic apparel has come a long way from the era of pairing a dowdy gray cotton sweatsuit with tennis shoes. Now, athletic apparel promise to hug the body with materials that insulate the wearer from cold weather, while wicking away sweat to boost performance. Running shoes can be synced with computers to measure performance. Other advances in sports apparel include tagless T-shirts and fabrics that manage odors. Technological advancements allow manufacturers to maintain or increaseRead MoreCompany Overview In 1996, Under Armour,Inc. (UA) was founded by Kevin Plank as a former University1200 Words   |  5 Pagesto use in different seasons for men, women, and youth such as HeatGear that is designed to be worn in high temperatures, ColdGear, which is designed to be wore when the body circulate body heat from hotspot to the normal body temperatures, and AllSeasonGear, which is designed for wearing in changing temperatures (Under Aumour, â€Å"About Under Armour† n.d.). Under Armour develops, markets, distributes its apparels, footwear, and accessories for using in the athletics in various continents such as NorthRead MoreSurge Of Identity Through The Tobacco Industry Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesSurge of identity through the tobacco industry The 1960’s is infamous for its sense of freedom: the age of the hippies, bell bottoms, long free hair, rock n’ roll and love. Though, what people do not bluntly address is the lack of representation among the African American society. Fear harnessed the 1960’s with the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and the assassinations of both John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King. In a way for the people to cope with the fear and anger of what was going on, peopleRead MorePhilip Knight Nike1849 Words   |  8 PagesPhilip Knight is the chairman, CEO, and co-founder of Nike and he currently owns more than 90% of the firm. The company is internationally known for its trademark swoosh and its leadership in the athletic apparel industry. Philip H. Knight s involvement with a sporting goods company is not accidental. He has always loved running, was a miler in college and has participated in marathons since. Knight received a BBA in Accounting at the University of Oregon in 1 959, and was an MBA student at StanfordRead MorePhilip Knight of Nike Essay1795 Words   |  8 PagesPhilip Knight is the chairman, CEO, and co-founder of Nike and he currently owns more than 90% of the firm. The company is internationally known for its trademark swoosh and its leadership in the athletic apparel industry. Philip H. Knights involvement with a sporting goods company is not accidental. He has always loved running, was a miler in college and has participated in marathons since. Knight received a BBA in Accounting at the University of Oregon in 1959, and was an MBA student at StanfordRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Nike Inc12147 Words   |  49 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS Executive SummaryÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…p.4 HistoryÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..p.6 Profile of CEOÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..p.7 Competitor s ProfileÂ…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….p.7 Industry ProfileÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..p.8 Company AnalysisÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…p.9 Industry AnalysisÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…......p.24 Top Competitor AnalysisÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….p.25 Other External ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Read MoreNike Strategy Analysis12215 Words   |  49 PagesPosition Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.30 7. Industry Attractiveness Matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.31 8. Business Strength/Competitive Position Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.32 9. Grand Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p.34 10. Marketing Short-term Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.35 11. Production Short-term Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.36 12. Research and Development Short-term Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.37 13. Human Resources Short-term Strategy Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSwot Analysis Of Nike s Marketing Strategy1543 Words   |  7 PagesNike’s first brand was solely focused on footwear. Over the years, Nike has added more product lines for this category by offering running shoes, tennis shoes, and shoes for a variety of other sports, including cricket (http://panmore.com/nike-inc-marketing-mix-4ps-product-place-promotion-price-analysis). Also, the company steadily diversified its products by providing a variety of apparel such as watches, gloves, eyewear/glasses, skates, sport balls and gym bags and sports equipment as basketball,

A Summary of UN Handbook on Gender Training Free Essays

In the topic, WHY GENDER MATTERS, METHOLOGY, the proper approaches to Peace Support Operations is captured clearly. Any personnel engaged in Peace Support Operations should be at home with them in order to achieve an effective result. There is a strong need for the personnel to understand the interconnecting strands that underlines the military, political, economic and social life of the community of the operations in order to improve relation with members. We will write a custom essay sample on A Summary of UN Handbook on Gender Training or any similar topic only for you Order Now   Understanding that communities consist of different people with different needs and priorities will help the personnel to improve on the planning of responses thus facilitating overall achievement of mission target. In all,   an increased level of sustainable peace should be the target. Furthermore, the FOUR CASE STUDIES open up vistas on the need for enlightenment. The Iraq case study shows that in order to save life, there is the need to recognise women’s roles and responsibilities in a crisis situation. Men alone could not have been assigned to distribute food items. Also the rights of the community of operations should be protected as seen in the Cambodian case study. Peacekeeping missions should avoid creating negative atmosphere in the host communities by laying down clear policies and practices based on respect for human rights. Similarly, for effective conditions for peace and stability to be created, no organisation should be overlooked. For instance, after 28 yrs of violence and ethnic conflict, Sudanese women came together to stop the violence through a peace conference which is a non-violent approach to inter-tribal conflict. This shows the fact that women’s organisations are also key to establishing peace and should not be overlooked. The fourth case study throws more light on enhancing the people’s ability to deal with crisis and rebuilding society. It goes further to state that women and men feel and participate in conflict differently. Their experiences have a role to play in post war era. For instance in Colombia, many rural communities had a lot of examples wherein women were restricted to the houses, men did all the running around. The implication   is that in the case of eventual displacement to urban areas, the women survived more with their skills than men. The women turned their domestic skills into jobs. Note that during crises or wars, gender perspective must be applied to the Peace Support Operations. There is the need to understand what gender perspective does and does not involve in such Peace Support Operations. While women should not be focused on exclusively, there is need to look at the inequalities and differences between women and men. That will enable resources, which focus on women’s peculiar needs, to be mapped out. Also the operation does not concern itself with treating women only as a vulnerable group. There is the need to note that any of the genders can be harmed. However, women need not be reduced to victims. Peacekeeping must consider the inequalities and differences between women and men thereby structuring resources to that effect. This will enable an easy check on overall impact of the intervention strategies. Again, the PSO should note that men and women differ in their thinking   and should not focus only on employment equity issues within organisations rather should recognises that equal opportunities for women within organisations is only one aspect of a concern for gender equality. A criticism to this is that there is no clear way of measuring the amount of attention given to women. It may be over done. In FILLING THE GAPS: A VIRTUAL DISCUSSION ON GENDER, PEACE AND SECURITY RESEARCH, ten key recommendations were made by   90 academics and research professional drawn from across various fields in Oct 2008, The dialogued for three weeks. Their recommendations bothered basically on identifying gaps in gender, peace and security research and efforts to fill up such lacunae through effective research methods and tools. However, the group should clearly understand that there is often a wide gap between theories or research and practical life situations. While life is larger than logic, all efforts are always geared towards bridging that. There is a link between feminism, militarism and human right. It could be extrapolated from the laid out facts in the four treated topics. While every human being deserves his/her fundamental human rights and privileges, that of the women folk should not be viewed from any less spectrum at all. Military officials, who are often peacekeepers in conflict zones, should learn to uphold the human rights of member of their host communities with an eye not to look down on women in any bit. Cases have shown where women are receiving inhuman or less treatment from them.   Designed peace and reconstruction programmes must show that women are not just mere entities but participants in such communities. How to cite A Summary of UN Handbook on Gender Training, Papers

International Marketing & Digital Media

Question: Write the report on "Revital capsule" product, product company name is "Ranbaxy". Answer: Introduction A business faces serious challenges due to multiple opportunities faced by globalization. To sustain the competitive business environment pharmaceutical companies are changing their marketing strategies (Singh Mishra, 2016). Changes related to product marketing are the highly complex phenomenon. Marketing is an exchange process for meeting the needs and wants (Turnbull Valla, 2013). A pharmaceutical company must properly understand the market environment before developing and implementing the marketing strategies (Srivastava Bhatnagar, 2012). The processes in a huge company are complex and are the primary reason for marketing challenges. According to Wedel Kamakura, (2012) Marketing is not about providing products or services it is essentially about providing changing benefits to the changing needs and demands of the customer. However, marketing goods in the foreign market give rise to several hurdles, therefore; a proper scrutiny of a cultural, legal and political environment is required to assess the results of international marketing strategies (Kanthe, 2012). The communication system has changed a lot with the development of internet and digital media marketing. It increases awareness related to market segment and helps in adding extra revenues to the business (Kalotra, 2014). Ranbaxy Lab. Ltd. is a multinational pharmaceutical company established in India in 1961 and it entered in Australia in 2005 (Damodaran, 2008). It manufactures pharmaceutical products such as antacid, anti-asthma, anti-cholesterol, anti-anxiety, anti-diabetic, anti-migraine, anti-cholesterol, anti-hypertensive, anti-thrombotic, anti-dementia, anti-viral and other products related to osteoporosis (Chowdhry, 2015). This report deals with marketing campaign design of "Revital capsule" a product manufactured by Ranbaxy in the target market Australia. The aim of this report is to develop a marketing strategy and comprehensive marketing campaign for launching Revival in Australia. Objective and Strategies The objective is to design a marketing strategy and marketing campaign for launching Revital capsule a product manufactured by Ranbaxy in the target market Australia. This objective is the result of CEOs demand to expand Ranbaxys marketing and diversification strategy. The aim of this report is to understand the principles of marketing and the forces that affect marketing. It intends to understand the international marketing environment (political, legal, ecological and cultural disparities). The learning outcome of this report includes concept about international market research, market segmentation, a positioning of product and services and international supply chain management. Product and its innovativeness Product innovation is the primary source for growth of business (Belleflamme Peitz, 2015). Revital, which is a combination of minerals, ginseng, vitamins (A - E) and other trace elements, is a food energy supplement. It intends to provide the users with physical mental lifestyle (De Mooij, 2013). This product can be consumed by both female and male those who are above the age of 15 years (Dehejia, 2014). This product is sugar-free, and hence, it is well suited for diabetics. The concept of this adult health supplement is positive health (Kalotra, 2014). As the daily diet of an individual lacks all the essential nutrients for being healthy, active and fit, Ranbaxy claims that Revital fills this nutrition gap. The consumers are initially not aware of the significance of this product. Therefore, it is necessary to draw the attention towards the key benefits of this adult health supplement (Has et al., 2011). Influence of international marketing environment on the marketing strategy Marketing strategies are greatly influenced by external and internal factors. These are economic, political; legal and social factors. Knowing these factors will better help develop the marketing strategy. Australia has product liability regulation by its statutory framework that regulates the safety of the product. It has standards to prevent the marketing of harmful products (Monczka et al., 2015). Product enforcement includes the role of state and territory government fair trading offices to assist the consumers. Australia has privacy laws, which regulates when and how business communicates and collects personal information (Moir Palombi, 2013). Specific requirements are to be fulfilled for collection and management of medical records. Australia has strict consumer laws, which regulates product safety laws, unsolicited agreements with the consumer, guarantees consumer rights, monitors unfair contract terms and penalize if any. The marketing strategy will be planned keeping in mind the above policies of the target country. Public attitude towards their health and hygiene is an important parameter in the product launch. People who are highly health conscious are more likely to be influenced by the advertisements. Additionally, human resource is the other major factor. If the work force is well trained and motivated than it can better deliver the market leading customer services and productivity hence creating competitive marketing advantage. Additionally, Australia has marketing oriented culture which enables to find various methods to satisfy consumer needs (Has et al., 2011). Australia is highest among the OECD countries in terms of per capita income and spending levels, which is a positive factor for product launch (Rice Atkin, 2012). Marketing strategies are impacted by business dynamics of the target nation. Cash flow, profitability and liquidity greatly affect the scope of marketing activities. However, Australia being globally free nation helps in ease of doing business. The positively influencing factor is its healthy banking system. However, it has high wage rate system that damages the competitiveness. On the other hand, the economic growth is on boost due to fall of lending rates. Moreover, Australia is increasing its investment on public infrastructure and is also a global leader in IT business (LPO, 2012). Keeping the above key points in mind the marketing strategy will change accordingly. Market research Market research prior to launching a product requires analysis of target market in details and that of competitors to get a direction for the business (Turnbull Valla, 2013). Analysis of market includes proper organization of information in various formats and from different sources after defining the research objective. Extensive research will include understanding of key demographics of Australia. It includes understanding the physicians and doctors in both urban and rural areas. It will help to augment insights and foray customer needs. It will help to know the economic stability of the selected region (Singh Mishra, 2016). SWOT analysis is essential to perform to evaluate our own strength and weakness in relation to the competitors. Competitors analysis include knowing their profile, weakness and strength. Market research is essential for consumer segmentation, and for feature prioritization (Rice Atkin, 2012). Market research will include both qualitative and quantitative analysis. In qualitative analysis, less number of respondents will be included for in-depth interviews and is more investigative than quantitative analysis. Quantitative information on the other hand helps in reaching conclusion as large number of participants is used. Quantitative analysis includes surveys and questionnaires with close-ended questions. Data collection method may be by mailed questionnaires, telephone polling, survey conducted online or by personal interviews (Potter, 2012). The research findings will be interpreted by grouping the data and organizing efficiently into tables, charts, mind-maps and spreadsheets. These data will be reviewed thoroughly to make sure there are no gaps. It will better help in identifying the major trends and uncover other aspects. Finally, a decision related to marketing mix will be taken that will align with the primary research aim. Product details Revital, which is a combination of minerals, ginseng, vitamins (A - E) and other trace elements, is a food energy supplement. It intends to provide the users with physical mental lifestyle (De Mooij, 2013). This product meets the daily nutrient requirement of an individual and one capsule per day is sufficient dosage. One can extend its consumption for 2-3 months at the stretch. The presence of ginseng and vitamins in Revital, help increase the oxygen utilization in the body to a standard level. It helps feel active all day and is recognized to increase the strength of the body. It is beneficial as it increases the physical work capacity. It helps to overcome stress and fatigue by improving endurance, compatibility, concentration and tolerance. Market segmentation and justification The target segments are mainly professionals having long working hours. The listed segments are: Pregnant women segment Diabetic segment Sport segment Women segment above 15 years of age Women segment below 15 years of age Men segment above 15 years of age Men segment below 15 years of age The demographics for the market segmentation will include the individual of age range 20-35 years, with young family life cycle and are working professionals with income more than $ 500 per month. The geographic factor in the market segmentation is Urban. The behavioral aspects include health benefits. Market segmentation is also based on Psychographic factors in which social class includes middle class, striver lifestyle and an ambitious personality. The charts below show the profile of new segment. Geographic Psychographic Behavioral Demographic Country Australia City- Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Darwin, Gold Coast, Newcastle Climate- Southern and Northern Density- Urban The lifestyle of users- Survivors, strivers, and achievers. Personality traits- ambitious, compulsive Social class- middle and lower class, working class Rate of use- Medium, late and heavy user Benefit- health Occasion- Regular Product attitude- positive and enthusiastic Population- both male and female Family size- 1-2, 2-3 or more Family cycle- single, married, married with and without child and young, adults Women- above 14 years age Occupation- professionals Educational qualification- graduates or in grade school Race- Indigenous and non-indigenous Target market and reason for its selection The selected segments are mainly working professionals: women segment above 15 years of age diabetic patient segment Sport segment The target segment for this product includes "sports person". According to the advertisement strategy in India, the Revital endorsed by sports person M. S. Dhoni and actor Salman Khan has generated huge impact and increased the consumer demand. The message given by working professionals is that it is healthy if consumed daily especially for those working for longer duration and it add refreshment. As sports person have a tough and hard working life having Revital is a good energy source (Kanthe, 2012). The diabetic patient segment is analyzed before entry into the market, and the result shows that the year 2010 has 4-5 million of diabetics reported in Australia and is estimated to increase to 8 million by the year 2025. Every day around 270 Australians is found to develop Diabetes (Mowla et al., 2014). The growth of the diabetic patient segment is as follows: In the main cities- the diabetes growth per year is 13.7%, in indigenous population the growth rate is 12.5% whereas in non-indigenous population it is 3.4%. In inner regional areas, it is 4.5% (Has et al., 2011). The diabetic segment is chosen because product such as Revital is not already present for energy purpose (Taneja, 2013). Revital is proven safe for the diabetics and can be consumed along with their regular medicines. Being a new emerging market and since the diabetic population is increasing per day, it is justified to consider this segment. In women segment, the age above 15 years is considered safe for use (Kanthe, 2012). Moreover, they are health conscious and are fewer competitors in this segment. In the men segment, for those having tough and hard working life Revital as an energy supplement is safe and taking one or two tablets per day is enough to increase the sales volume (Kapferer, 2012). Marketing strategy in the target market The first and the foremost thing in launching the product is to position the product in manner that will stimulate the early adopters in the market. This process should be strategically planned for successful launch of product in new market. According to Potter, (2012) process should start with describing the benefits and usefulness of the product to the customers for at least 1 year. It needs to be explained as to how it differs from the competitors products in the market. Simultaneously, taking customer feedback and expectation vigilantly is essential. The next step is brand development- creating an appeal for the product is the primary objective of any marketing strategy. Rapid programs to enhance the brand name by line slogan or messages that attract consumers like "Do more achieve more", "live life to the fullest, "stay young in mind and body" would be used in an advertisement of these products. The next phase of product launch is strategic online marketing- This process is easy with the help of Twitter and Facebook pages. Additionally, Guerrilla marketing and viral videos and link spreading and search engine optimization more popular these days will be used to increase the product awareness. Marketing can be improved by influential keywords that can be easily searched online to improve the content (Chowdhry, 2015). The third phase of marketing strategies includes execution of online marketing for future. The aim is to have different and unique activities of digital PR for Ranbaxy and Revital to attract more people. Advertising will be increased after the launch of product for more enhancement and presence of the product. It will include the Yahoo, Bing ads, Google AdWords and other products. Positioning of product and services The positioning of a product will be mainly on sports and men segments, diabetic segment and women segment. All these segments are highly exposed to media. In general women and other sportsperson do love to watch TV and advertisements appear in any commercial event may be sport or any other. Therefore, in these advertisements if a product is endorsed by the actor or favorite sports stars it is eye-catching for all the viewers. This process intends to stimulate the early adopters in the market. Moreover sportsperson are always inspiring to others hence incorporating them will give an added advantage. Being a new emerging market and since the diabetic population is increasing per day, it is justified to consider this segment. Use of blogs in internet will improve the strategic positioning of Ranbaxy in Australia while promoting Revital and related services categorically and defining the benefits, credentials and leadership qualities in the current competitive marketplace. The partnering program and digital PR will support the online presence. It will further encourage the communications, traffic and networking as well to build a strong online reputation of Ranbaxy. Use of viral videos in B2C and B2B marketing product is an important technique to increase the awareness of product. On the other hand, the use of SEO will dynamically increase the effect of social media, blog and digital media marketing activities (Gonzlez-Benito et al., 2012). Product strategy The three core elements of product strategy are distribution, promotion and customer support. Distribution is reaching the important influencers and making the product available making sure that they have sizable online presence. It targets people who are interested and eager about the offerings of Ranbaxy. Promotion includes use of social media and online marketing, campaigns etc. Ranbaxy has planned to create the mass appeal of Revital capsule by catchy advertisement and promotional campaigns done by famous personality in Australia. This will ensure more visibility and awareness of the new product in the market of Australia. Customer support is getting the partners involved by spreading the news about the release or launch of the product by crowd based campaigns. Such campaigns will include contests and events to maintain public interests by briefing and speaking with media analysts and also increase the relevance and presence of product in market for long term (De Mooij, 2013). Branding strategy and justification Ranbaxy has done careful planning for developing Revital capsule as a top brand name in Australia. The core marketing strategy is to create an appeal for the product in the target market and make the product a success for Ranbaxy in term of high sales in Australia. They are doing an extensive market research in Australia to understand the insight of consumers and physicians and evaluate the acceptance level of the product. They propose to execute a switch strategy in which they will analyze how the drug gives a solution to consumers problem, how doctors give authority for the brand by including it in their prescription list. They also plan to evaluate the accessibility of the product in sample population and taking feedbacks regarding its prediction for purchase rate (Kapferer, 2012). Successful promotional activity is the key to the successful launch of Revital in the target markets. This strategy is built to increase the number of new users, which will automatically boost the sale of Revital capsules (Belleflamme Peitz, 2015). Once the consumer is convinced that the product will give them mental and physical vitality, it will develop positive health concept for the product in the market. They have plans for expanding the distribution of goods by involving both pharmacist and other distributors for better availability of the product in chemist outlets (Kauppinenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Risnen, 2014). Packaging and influences Regarding packaging, a major focus will be on attractive labeling of the product, great detail in packaging leaflet to help partially sighted patient and better presentation of products. They plan to give a distinct catchy logo and packing design to Ranbaxy capsule. They intend to look into all aspects of packaging. This includes packaging material that will protect the product from environmental factors. They want to ensure the physical and chemical stability of the product despite the climate of the country for market and protect it from damage during distribution and storage of products. In term of labeling strategy there plan is to provide all necessary information of Revital capsule regarding the strength of the product, instructions for safe use, detail on safe preparation and storage of medicine and ways of disposal of the product (Baertschi et al., 2013). The aim is to specify accurate dose of the product according to age. To counter cross-border illegal trading of Revital capsule, they want to maintain supply chain integrity by specific features like holograms, microdot patterns, and Radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology. The logo of the product should be such that it has a minimum chance of being copied or counterfeited. They have a specific plan for color and design for the logo. The logo should be such that it stands out and easily recognized in the market space (Oghazi, 2014). Issues related to product testing To test the new product in the new market, it is necessary to analyze the cost and risk of Revital capsule failure against the profit and chance of success. To test the product, the plan is to implement preemptive launch in Australia. The first step is getting the approval of product from FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in Australia. FDA ensures that drugs marketed in the country are safe and effective. Then they may go for testing of the new product to a local clinic and convince local doctors to prescribe the medicine to patients. In the initial phase of clinical trial, they will distribute the product in a limited area and take feedbacks related to the benefits of taking the medicine. The clinical trial study takes times, and this report is again reviewed by FDA. In these experiments, drugs are used in human subjects to check the effectiveness and side effects of medicine (Dehejia, 2014). The major aspect is to convince physicians and pharmacist of the value of the product. Onc e final approval is given, the purpose of test marketing is served. Then the product can directly launch in Australia. Before going for test marketing, one must ensure that their product has all the features that consumers want, and the consumer will pay the price for the product. The market testing could be done by organizing event at the local clinic or local places in Australia (OConnor et al., 2016). The issue faced in test marketing is that many are reluctant to try the new product initially. So Ranbaxy must have the effective strategy to convince each person and organization so that they get ready for initial product testing. The second problem is that many consumers take the product but they do not give honest feedback, or they do not give feedback at all. For this purpose, it is necessary that Ranbaxy explain the purpose of testing via visual presentation or motivation speech (Kalotra, 2014). Once they realize the importance of the testing program, effective feedback can be garnered. There might be criticism coming in for the product. In this case, it is necessary to take the criticism constructively and accordingly measure which feedback is useful. Based on that analysis, one can take ideas to change or improve their product (Mascia et al., 2013). Pricing strategies, policies and justification Ranbaxy could use a wide variety of strategy to the launch Revital capsule in Australia. One can analyze a cost-plus method for determining pricing rates. It involves calculating production cost and other promotional costs of products and then adding a percentage to their unit cost to get desired profit (Kapferer, 2012). Some Companies want a return on investment in mind. But before setting a price for the new product, it is necessary to study the market and competition of product from other brands or drugs. One pricing policy that can be used for the new product is penetration pricing. This involves setting lower price initially to attract new customers. In this case, the Company assumes that consumers will switch to the new brand because of the low price. Ranbaxy could also go for price skimming in which they will charge high price from customers initially, but the price will be lowered once the customer is satisfied with the product. The decision to choose either of the two strate gies will depend on different factors (Danzon et al., 2015). Penetration pricing gives the company advantage of faster diffusion of product in the target market. It creates a good impression on initial users and discourages entry of other competitors due to the low price (Rice Atkin, 2012). Skimming strategy will work for Ranbaxy only when they can ensure that their product is of a rare variety and not commonly available. To allow high price they could go for legal protection of Revital capsule so that any duplicate product is not available. For effective pricing in Australia, Ranbaxy will also have to file an application to Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) so that they can get their medicine subsidies under Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). PBAC may recommend lower pricing after evaluation and negotiation (Paris Belloni, 2013). Environmental influence affecting pricing decision The different environmental factors that will affect pricing decisions include currency fluctuation, pricing in the inflationary environment, Government subsidies, competitive behavior and price and quality relationship. Price fluctuation will depend on a currency of Australia. Ranbaxy could analyze the appreciation or depreciation value of currency in Australia to make pricing decisions. The final price of a product will depend on internal and external factors. Regarding internal factors, pricing decisions will depend on how quickly the product is manufactured by the Company. If the productivity is increased, it will reduce the cost per product, and this can give Ranbaxy the chance of lowering the price of the capsule. But increasing productivity is also a major challenge because it will require a lot of investment and significant changes ate manufacturing facility. Therefore, it will not translate into a lower price for some time (Paris Belloni, 2013) External factors are those factors, which cannot be controlled, but it will affect pricing decisions. To understand the influences of external factor, Ranbaxy will have to research the drugs market in Australia and analyze what is happening in the market. Return on investment, cash flow, and market share will have an effect on pricing decisions (Hair et al., 2015). To capture Australian market, Ranbaxy will have to keep the price low initially and increase the price after the acceptance of Revital Capsule in Australia. It will also help Ranbaxy to retain their market share in Australia. The Company might be influenced by competition from other similar products in terms of quality, durability, and service. Ranbaxys pricing decision will depend on market and demand, cost and offering from other competitors. Any company has to be very clear about price and demand relationship before setting a price for their product. They will also have to check the change in the price of other competitors and take steps accordingly. Ranbaxy will also have to consider the economic position, rules and regulation of Australia before making pricing decisions (Bowie Buttle, 2013). Product Distribution/Supply chain management Ranbaxy will have to rely on agent and distributors of Australia to represent its product Revital capsule in the Australian market. They will have to keep track of materials and information as the product moves from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer (Singh Mishra, 2016). So Ranbaxy will have to confirm specific role and responsibilities of agents in Australia. Agent will act as a representative of their product. The distributors will supply the goods to local end users. They will be responsible for the marketing of Ranbaxy's Revital capsule, carrying inventory, extending credit to customers. Distributors are paid higher fees so Ranbaxy will have to absorb the distributors margin in their product pricing so that overall price is not too high for consumers (Ross, 2013). Business will be easier if there is a high level of trust and good working relationship with the distributors (Srivastava Bhatnagar, 2012). Selecting a potential range of distributors in the pharmaceutical industry will be crucial for Ranbaxy's business. They may assist them in getting trade reference in Australia's clinics and chemist store. Good communication is also necessary for distributing products. Confirmation of discussion by emails and meeting directly or by telephonic or Skype interaction will reduce misunderstanding in the supply chain. Since Ranbaxy will be relying on knowledge and contacts of agent and distributors in Australia maintain a healthy relationship with them is very much important (Monczka et al., 2015). A good representative will assist in creating a marketing plan for Ranbaxy's product in Australia. Ranbaxy will have to do write legal agreement with agents and must seek advice from Australian legal authority with contract experience to before signing any a greement. The agreement discussion may be related to the product range, the supply of samples, the area covered, term of payment and ownership of trademarks (Wisner et al., 2015). Promotional strategies The different promotional strategies are as follows- Advertising: Ranbaxy may go for direct to consumer advertisement after segmentation study and defining communication target. The purpose of advertising is that Ranbaxy wants to change patients and doctors attitude towards the product after advertising campaigns. Ranbaxy may try hard to persuade doctors to prescribe their brands over other generics (Turnbull Valla, 2013). Public relation: Ranbaxy's plan is to create the positive relationship with health organization, chemist, media, and public. The purpose of this is to obtain favourable publicity of product within media and people (Wisner Leong, 2015). Sales promotion: Sales promotion could be done by giving special offers and coupons with the product. Companies get involved in sales promotion to increase their sales in a short period (Wang Anirban, 2016). Personal selling and direct mail: It involves selling product directly to a firm and sending positive product related information to a particular person in the organization (Singh Mishra, 2016). This approach is helpful for companies as it gives them a chance to manage their resources effectively within a target segment. This kind of personal advertising gets improved response and sales rate (Sashi, 2012). Justification for marketing campaign design The above campaign design is chosen as it has the potential to deliver the message about product's uniqueness and appeal very quickly. Advertising is the quickest media to market the product in a large mass. All the above marketing campaigns will utilize new technology and social media platform to advertise a product of Ranbaxy. This campaign design has more chance of creating a mass appeal and reaching the large target group (Potter, 2012). These promotional campaigns will help Ranbaxy get a competitive advantage. A competitive advantage could be maintained by cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Cost leadership will be attained when Ranbaxy can give a better price than its competitors. Differentiation strategy can be utilized by Ranbaxy in which they will give the perception to customers that their product is unique in the industry. Focus means creating a niche for the product in a target market. The competitive advantage is achieved when Ranbaxy can understand the dynamic of customer needs in the target market (Rice Atkin, 2012). Creating appeal for the product will help in achieving selling proposition (Kanthe, 2012). To achieve this Ranbaxy can ensure that its product Revital capsule has the capability to cater to needs of customers. If Ranbaxy offers unique trait in its product, then will be a standout in the crowded marketplace with competitors (Wang Anirban, 2016). Ranbaxy will have to take effective media decisions. They should be sure about what message they will put across target audience, how it will be delivered, use of branding, deciding about catchy logos or slogans in advertising and areas where they will be promoted. Culture and values of Australia will also have to consider for marketing decisions. If Company has a grasp of locality, marketing process will become easier. Ranbaxy could use symbols of the culture of Australia such as Opera House in their advertising (Atkin Freimuth, 2013). Corporate social responsibility The promotional campaign should exhibit principles of corporate social responsibility. Ranbaxy focus is on enhancing transparency, customer's empowerment, and purpose. A company can show corporate social responsibility by two objective-obtaining profits for the business as well as society. The purpose is to promote active and good health by their product Revital'. They want it to be accessible to the local community and society of Australia. The key is to take creative solutions for social and business challenges. CSR activities promote business and a cause for the community too. CSR initiative plan for Ranbaxy includes better staffing, minimisation of waste and resource, focus on health and safety issues (Duckett, Breadon, 2013). It helps also help Ranbaxy to increase their brand awareness and build the reputation. They should understand customers and match those findings with CSR activity for successful marketing strategy (Vitell, 2015). Evaluation of success of marketing campaign Once the plan is prepared, it is necessary to estimate the success of marketing campaign. This can be measured by analyzing if the product becomes available to the customer in a direct manner or by other parties. But since Ranbaxy plan promotional campaign is based on a role of agents and advertisement, they can evaluate their way of convincing each channel. One can measure the marketing metrics to see if the purpose of a marketing campaign is achieved or not. Ranbaxy plan is to measure this by collecting feedback from those people who first came into contact with the product and all the way to actual customers. It can help in tracking which customers were lost and for what reason. This evaluation will assist in heightened brand visibility and increased market share in the future (Solomon, 2014). Conclusion OTC products can be successful once they meet the demands, efficacy wants, and needs of the customer. The product moves smoothly once a clear marketing strategy is applied and implementing proper communication method that is large scale advertising and other promotional strategies to establish the strong retail relationship, to create the brand among customers and widespread distribution of products. The important factor is that the communication system should be able to create a long-term impression. The other factor is the correct time of market entry in addition to the provision of the efficient, safe and user-friendly product that the consumer wants, gaining competitive advantage and markets, making brand name recognizable, Proper communication of benefits of the products and sustaining purchase of the OTC products. The assignment has helped in gaining adequate knowledge and concepts related to international marketing and related major ideas, concepts and principles. Working in a team, has improved the problem-solving techniques, collaborative and communication skills. It has developed the critical thinking and analytical rigor. This assignment has given the opportunity to engage in self-directed learning and an opportunity to improve the research methods and apply theoretical knowledge in practical situations. References Atkin, C. K., Freimuth, V. (2013). Guidelines for formative evaluation research in campaign design.Public communication campaigns, 53-68. Baertschi, S. W., Clapham, D., Foti, C., Jansen, P. J., Kristensen, S., Reed, R. A., ... Tnnesen, H. H. (2013). Implications of Inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Use Photostability: Proposed Guidance for Photostability Testing and Labeling to Support the Administration of Photosensitive Pharmaceutical Products, Part 1: Drug Products Administered by Injection.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences,102(11), 3888-3899. Belleflamme, P., Peitz, M. (2015).Industrial organization: markets and strategies. 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Leadership and Learning

Failure and fast failures are accompanied by far reaching consequences. These failures require individuals to solicit candid input from others, evaluate their actions, and diagnose their needs for improvement. In the process, individuals may lose their temper at a critical time, feel inadequate and fail to build a team in the organization. It is failure, not success, which pushes people towards learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the moment after a mistake is usually the worst time to make a correction because adequate time is required to analyze the sequence of events leading to failure. In addition, individuals tend to be very distraught following failure; hence the reason why people will resort to other means to avoid failure. It is, therefore, no wonder that I agree with Asghar that Silicon Valley’s ‘fail fast’ mantra is just hype (para 1-7). Nearly all rough patches, obstacles, and setbacks provide one dangerously addictive possibility, which is to use shortcuts. For instance, when the going gets difficult, one may be tempted to take some cheaper escape routes as the case with the people in Silicon Valley. Despite the fact that the inhabitants of Silicon Valley proclaim that failure is good because it propels one forward, the people use shortcuts, for example, the use of growth hackers. Learning from other people’s failures elevates one in a better position that equips him/her with the capability to deal with and avoid the failures that may come along. Mistakes and failures are not unavoidable; they are an essential part of change and innovation. After failure, leaders are likely to make the most common mistake- attribution error- instead of trying to recover from the failure. The attribution error occurs when individuals assign blame or credit to some factor (s). Failure brings about neg ative feelings of disappointment and frustration. These feelings might be so intensified to the extent that individuals fail to learn from the failure. In as much as failure leaves one wiser than he/she was before the failure, history is replete with examples of those who evaded unwanted failures in their companies and organizations.  Evading failure blocks an organization’s chances of learning and becoming better in its way of handling issues. Failure enables individuals to have a rejuvenated spirit that aids in addressing hurdles as they emerge. In addition, such failure promotes open-mindedness among the staff members so that each department develops measures that can prevent paralysis of operations in case a similar destruction occurs in the future. For example, in a case where failure is attributed to infected software application, this prompts departments to brainstorm on feasible ways of backing up information, for example, use of an online network where important fi les can be stored.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, the company develops a long term solution, but if it had initially used a shortcut in that all IT appliances had been installed through shortcut means, and an external party had been involved. The organization would not have the hands-on skills to solve similar future problems. In addition, commitment is important so that once a plan is strategized, it is followed. Organizations should have a labor force that is up to the task. In a bid to eliminate failures, there is a need to recruit people who show persistence in difficult situations. The staff’s response to stress and challenges should neither affect the customers, nor the progress of the organization.  I am not saying that failure is bound to occur once an organization or individual sets out to execute a certain project. Otherwise, it would be no use trying something that is bound to fail. All that I am asserting is that individuals should have articulate laid down strategies on how to execute a particular task/project. In the event that failure occurs, the organization or individual should not succumb to the failure, but instead, should establish means to come out of the failure. According to Funston and Wagner, failure and success are intertwined, and this is reiterated in the words of Lee Atwater, â€Å"in every victory is the seed of defeat, and in every defeat is the seed of victory† (133). Failure to anticipate failure only means that things will work out as expected. Yet, this is hardly the case, and failure to anticipate failure results in adverse effects that affect a leader’s capability to minimize the effects that result when failure occurs.  I believe that failure is healthy because it enables an organization to adopt proactive strategies that assists it to deal with future obstacles that often re sult in failure. These proactive strategies include, but are not limited to, setting goals, anticipating roadblocks, and recruitment and motivation. The process of setting realistic goals cultivates the agenda and desired outcomes. Goal setting helps the leader to search constantly for a smooth roadmap by finding opportunities that help individuals learn from past successes and failures. In addition, the leader embraces this process of setting goals because it is a means of enhancing performance as individuals aim to achieve laid out targets/outcomes. The staff will match the leader’s expectations because the goals will trigger the staff’s ability to lay out strategies aimed at achieving these goals. Since goals help one to stay on track and guide one’s actions in a systematic way, they should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely. SMART goals promote growth in an organization compared to big dreams that will never be achieved.  Sustainabi lity of any business requires that the management is able to anticipate future roadblocks and understand how to bypass them. Some roadblocks are inevitable while others can be avoided using the right strategies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Left unattended, each roadblock has the potential to destroy any successful business. Indicators to check for when determining an organizations readiness for future roadblocks include recognition of future problems, admission of possible flaws or weaknesses in the organizations, and contingency or alternative plans. Anticipating roadblocks enables an organization to develop a recovery process. This process is fueled by brainstorming new approaches to working, and it focuses on one’s strength to maximize effort and prevent performance deviations. Identifying deviations from standards of performance provides an important method of highlighting areas that are straying from a developed project plan and that require attention. The motivation of an individual depends on the individual’s perception regarding his or her capability to do a particular job. Great leaders interact with their subordinate employees to inquire if they are experiencing any challenges and how the leaders can help these employees meet their goals. Staffs need to feel valued, worthwhile and useful. The amount of perceived organizational and supervisory support is seen as recognition of their worth. When staffs are valued and supported, they become more committed and dedicated to their duties. The result is the creation of a lively work environment as the staffs enjoy the work they do. When the mutually beneficial relationship is established between the staff and the organization, the organization registers improved job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance. In most situations, it has been proven t hat sales can be increased by hiring more sales staff, re-training and motivating the entire sales force. Nonetheless, failure will sometimes occur even after placing all the mitigation procedures in place. Once, it occurs, an organization should embrace the failure as an opportunity to learn and improve. This can be achieved using different processes. In the first instance, an organization can review its project. Reviewing a project after its failure is very important because it enables the individuals involved in its layout and implementation to identify gaps that could have led to its failure. The review process entails a thorough re-evaluation of the plan initially laid down, and comparing it to similar past projects executed by other organizations or the organization itself.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, if an organization is introducing a new product in the market but the process fails as indicated by low sales, the company leaders come together to determine what might have gone wrong with the process. If they speculate that people’s attitudes and perceptions might have been the problem, then an improved marketing strategy is required. Secondly, conferences allow different delegates from different organizations to come together and present instances of failure and how to overcome such failures. Such events are insightful because organizations can learn about different types of failure, their associated causes, as well as ineffective and effective strategies. Baker highlights the need for interacting with the external environment as a means to learn from past failures; thereby, preventing the recurrence of preventable failure (136). The external environment includes competitors and other organizations that have had successful stories about overcoming failures. An organization can organize for a conference with the theme â€Å"Fail Forward† as a way of preaching the message of resilience. Conferences allow different organizations to learn from each other using their own case studies on how to handle failure. In so doing, the organizations are able to learn from the various instances of failure by getting ideas on how to address failure at different levels and in different forms. Third, periodic meetings within an organization are imperative because they give the employees a chance to table their issues and receive updates regarding different issues. Organizations should use these meetings as avenues to learn from failure by giving employees the opportunity to table their failures that impede achievement of organizational and individual objectives. These meetings help individuals to understand the supportive structures of the organization in the event of failure. For example, when installing new IT appliances but then they get infected by some virus and important files are corrupted and operations of the organization are paralyzed, departmental and organizational meetings will give insight into the importance of backup structures, types of these structures, and how they can be used to retrieve information. Learning from failure helps individuals to reflect on the new reality, and it awakens the leaders so that they can be self-aware and understand their environment. There are numerous methods of control after a failure, for example, talking to the staff and establishing a conducive team atmosphere. Subsequently, this ensures any existing gap is brought to the attention of senior management. Works Cited Asghar, Rob. â€Å"Why Silicon Valley’s ‘Fail Fast’ Mantra Is Just Hype.† Forbes Magazine, 14 July 2014. Web. https://www.forbes.com/ Baker, Michael J. Marketing strategy and management. 5th ed. 2014. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Print. Funston, Frederick, and S. Wagner. Surviving and Th riving in Uncertainty: Creating the Risk Intelligent Enterprise. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2010. Print. This essay on Leadership and Learning was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Short Game Story in Sportswriting

The Short Game Story in Sportswriting There are lots of different kinds of stories you can write on the sports beat, but probably the most basic is the short game story. A short game story, usually 500 words or less, follows a straightforward format that can be applied to any game you cover. The Lede The lede of your story should include the final score and some details about what made the game interesting. Generally, this means focusing on the efforts of an individual player. Let’s say a team’s star athlete is injured and a previously unheralded player comes into the game as a substitute. Not much is expected of this rookie but he defies expectations and plays a great game, leading the team to victory. Example 1: Second-string quarterback Jay Lindman, who had never played a down for Jefferson High School, came off the bench after star QB Fred Torville was injured Friday night and threw three touchdown passes to lead the Gladiators to a 21-14 victory over the McKinley High School Centurions. Or maybe the game is a close, seesaw battle between two evenly matched opponents, and is won in the final seconds by an especially dramatic play. Example 2: Second-string quarterback Jay Lindman threw the game-winning touchdown with just 12 seconds left to lead the Jefferson High School Gladiators to a 21-14 victory over the McKinley High School Centurions Friday night. Notice that in both examples we focus on the efforts of an individual athlete. Sports is all about the human drama of competition, and focusing on a single person gives the game story a human interest angle that readers will enjoy. The Body of the Story The body of your story should basically elaborate on the lede. If your lede was about the benchwarmer becoming the game’s star, then the body of the story should go into more detail about that. Often a simple chronological account works best. Example: Torville’s ankle was sprained when he was sacked in the first quarter. Lindman came into the game with low expectations but threw his first touchdown pass in the second quarter with a high, floating ball that receiver Mike Ganson snagged in the end zone. In the third quarter, Lindman was forced to scramble out of the pocket to avoid the rush but managed to fire a bullet to receiver Desean Washington, who made a diving catch at the goal line. The Wrap Up The wrap-up, or ending, of your story usually centers on quotes from the coach and players gleaned from post-game interviews or press conferences. Getting great quotes for sports stories can sometimes be tough- coaches and athletes often speak in clichà ©s- but a snappy quote can really be the icing on the cake of your game story. Example: â€Å"I knew Lindman could play but I didn’t know he could play like that,† said Gladiators coach Jeff Michaelson. â€Å"That was one heck of a game by a young guy who showed a lot of heart.† Washington said Lindman exuded confidence even in the huddle before his very first snap. â€Å"He just said, ‘Let’s do this to win,’† Washington said. â€Å"And he went out there and did it. That boy can throw the ball.†

How is the city written, by consumerism (focus on Shopping and Essay

How is the city written, by consumerism (focus on Shopping and fashion) - Essay Example Consumerism has created a mass market by bringing millions of products and changing the perspective of people in relation to how the city is written (Warde, 1996). This paper seeks to discuss how the city is written by consumerism. In addition, the paper will present argument on consumerism in fashion in industry in London. â€Å"If there is one agreement between theorists of modernity and those of post modernity, it is about the centrality of consumption to modern capitalism and contemporary culture. To thinkers as different as Werner Sombart, Emile Durkheim and Veblen Thorstein at the turn of the twentieth century, consumption was a decisive force behind modern capitalism, its dynamism and social structure† (Trentmann 2004, p.373) According to Richards (1990), consumerism has undoubtedly defined the existence and modernity of today’s metropolitan cities. London, being a focal point of Europe, has been a home to people from all around the globe. While commenting on con sumerism as a phenomenon, Stearns (2001) regards a consumerist society in which many people formulate their goals in life partly through acquiring goods that they clearly do not need for subsistence or for traditional display (Stearns 2001, p.9). According to Mullins, Natalier, Smith & Smeaton (1999), the theoretical propositions, of how a city is written by consumerism, in relation to the concept of consumerism are largely classified as pessimistic views and liberal views. The pessimist point of view considers consumerism as a byproduct of capitalism whereas the optimistic view states that consumerism allows people to improve their objective and subjective well being, with opportunities being available to enhance leisure freedom and to facilitate the pursuit of happiness in writing the city (Mullins, Natalier and Smith 1999, p.44). In its literal meanings, Warde (1996) implies that the diversity of patterns involved in consumerism is expressed more openly than before and relating t his open expression to London, one can say that the city has dwelled on this notion quite substantially. The ever increasing consumerism in London has come in many facets beginning from history to the current times, and the most prominent among them was the historical exhibition. The Great Exhibition in 1851, which expressed consumerism in every way possible through displaying the intent of consumerism, which was to promote the living standards of people in the city by increasing income through the buying and selling in the exhibition. As Peter Corrigan (1997) describes, the London’s culture on consumerism can be traced back historically during the period of Elizabeth I (Jayne 2006, Beer, 2007), however, consumerism has greatly changed from history and is particularly different in the way people consume products. The fact of the matter is that London’s metropolitan face was emphasized through the display of its potential and advancement (Auerbach and Hoffenberg 2008). However in the past, it has grown due to industrial revolution, and therefore resulted in the different practices such as impulse buying (Eade 2000). The aristocrats among the people living in the city of London updated their consumerism concerns through regulating their

Dissertation proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dissertation - Research Proposal Example This is to facilitate communication and formulation of superior performance policies that focus on the participation of everyone. Employee engagement remains a hot issue with most professionals posting diverse opinion on its suitability in measuring performance in institutions. One school of thought reports that employee engagement indices criteria form a fundamental element that provides relevant incentives for measuring performance. It acts as a scorecard guideline that measures the satisfactory level of employees and consumers in service delivery. However, another school of thought faults its use since it fails to provide clear benchmarks that can be applied to facilitate credible measurement of performance. Ideally, employees hold the requisite capacity of influencing performance in institutions (Macey, Schneider & Barbera, 2009, p. 224). To ensure superior innovation and creativity in product development, proper employee engagement is essential. It ensures adequate sharing of id eas and formulation of policies with innovative ideals. It is crucial to note that, employee performance can be achieved when their morale is enhanced through adequate engagement in diverse aspects. Over the past two decades, the term employee engagement has gained increased popularity. ... Most of the previous studies on this subject have addressed a number of aspects that are related to it; others have been very general, while others have addressed the particular aspects relating to the subject (Attridge, 2009). Over the years, management practitioners and management scholars have reiterated the need of coming up with the actual measures and indicators of specific management practices in order to evaluate their relevance (Markos and Sridevi, 2010). It is in the light of this view that it is important to evaluate the relevance of employee engagement indices as a performance measure and indicator in institutions. This evaluation will be fundamental in establishing how relevant these indices are, and whether there is need of changing them in order to make them more relevant. This paper evaluates the imperativeness of employee engagement as a performance measure and advancement of cordial relations in business institutions. Background The fact that modern business demands more efficiency and higher productivity than in the past cannot be disputed. This situation has come about as a result of various factors that affect the business environment (Ologbo and Saudah, 2011). These factors include technological advancements, increased competition, and heightened customers and shareholders’ expectations among others. Organizations are making a lot of efforts to improve their performances in order to remain competitive, make more profits and survive in the turbulent business environment. Several studies have shown that one of the critical ingredients of organizational success is employees (Harter et al, 2002). More satisfied

Organ Transplants Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organ Transplants - Research Paper Example This situation has been reversed with the continued practice of removing such failed organ and seeking alternative functional ones from other organisms to save the life of the victim. However, a number of issues have been cropping up in respect of this operation which calls for further research work to ensure its sustainability. Top in this list is the biology behind the success of a transplant attempt. It is a fact that for a recipient body tissues and the entire system to accept the foreign organ, there must be compatibility in terms of the required blood groups as this is a fundamental basis for ensuring the safety of the recipient even after the procedure (Klein , Lewis & Madsen, 2011). In most cases there tend to be compatibility among family members and in the case that this is not possible, an outsider’s organ can be tested if it can match and if the result is positive the donation procedure can be done and subsequent transplant. Remarkable scientific research has been undertaken to the extent that incompatibility between the donor and recipient can be solved through medical prescription. In this scenario, the recipient is administered with a special treatment that will prevent the body tissues from rejecting the graft. Nevertheless, there are conditions that have always ruled out any possible organ transplant. Such conditions entails a fast spreading cancer on a donor, HIV/AIDS infected person. For a dead donor, thorough medical tests need also to be taken to eliminate any possible health risk on recipient. After the medical assessments, only living and non-defected organs may be removed for donation from the deceased donor. This also means that a dead donor can donate many... This paper makes a conclusion that body organs can undergo some defects that are irreversible and the only solution is replacing them for the victim to survive. This is a common case in accidents, organ failures and genetically related defects. It worth to note therefore that this has become the latest widely used medical remedy to improve the performance of the body and save many endangered lives across the globe. One of the emerging challenges in this application is the exponential population growth that has been piling pressure on the otherwise scarce resources. The author of the paper talks that the number of skilled surgeons is still few to match the increasing number of patients facing such medical conditions. Besides, the number of donors is steadily diminishing as the population size of recipients keep surging and this a matter of great global concern. Some of the reasons that explain the vanishing donor numbers are the emerging infections that equally affect the efficiency o f the alternate organs in living donors and cancerous cells in the cadaverous donors. Several patients are also relatively poor to afford the cost of compensating the donor, operational costs and the treatment that define the entire procedure. This paper approves that global statistics on organ transplant shows a positive result on the outcomes. This calls for increased health promotion by the nurses, community health workers and other stakeholders to continue saving lives. More funding by the governments also needs to be projected towards research and development to develop alternatives.

Impact of Corruption on Nigerias Unemployment Rates

Impact of Corruption on Nigerias Unemployment Rates Introduction Unemployment has eaten so deep into the Nigerian society to the extent that the citizens have learnt to live with it, with a view that nothing can be done about it. This attitude of Nigerians towards this menace of unemployment however is a negative approach of dealing with such complex and complicated issue that has had tremendous negative impact on the country, some of which are robbery, kidnapping, rapes, oil bunkering etc. According to the Manpower Board and the Federal Bureau of Statistics, the Nigerian youth population is 80 million and this represents 60% of the entire population (Awogbenele and Iwuamadi, 2001). It further explains that 64 million of them are unemployed, while 1.6 million are under-employed. It is very unfortunate that such ugly report of unemployment could be heard of a country like Nigeria with so much natural and mineral resources. According to the statistical rebasing exercise of 2014, Nigeria has assumed the position of the largest growing economy in Afri ca, with an estimated GDP of 502 billion USD (CIA). Such economy ordinarily would have increased the number of industries and attracted foreign investors to the country, thereby increasing the employment rate in the country, but the presence of corrupt practices in the country have been an impediment to the increasing rate of employment in the country despite its enormous resources. According to Transparency International (TI) corruption perspective index of 20013, Nigeria ranked 144 of 177 countries. The high unemployment rate in Nigeria has been attributed to corruption. In a bid to combat corruption in Nigeria, president Olusegun Obasanjo established the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practice Commission (ICPC) in 1999 to act as a watchdog for public officials and check corrupt practices, but these commissions have also been plagued by nepotism and the recruitments of mediocre or candidates that are unqualified in preference to qualified candidates. Other measures towards combating corruption have failed as the process also involves corrupt public officials, more like fighting an evil with the same evil. Corruption in Nigeria has become an issue of global discourse and has attracted comments from several scholars; however, this paper seeks to expose the corrupt practices in the country, in a pursuit for a change in the employment status of the country. In achieving this, this paper draw a nexus between corruption and unemployment, going forward to identify and analyse corrupt practices in the country and h ow it has impacted the unemployment rate in the country, thereafter, proffer solutions to the problems of unemployment in Nigeria by suggesting some mechanisms that will help to curb the evil of corruption that is prevalent in Nigeria. Research Question As can be seen from the introduction, the Nigerian situation of high rate of unemployment is unique because ordinarily this should not be the case with Nigeria because of her oil wealth. However, this paper suggests some research questions that if answered adequately will solve the puzzle in our minds and provide a cure to this illness of unemployment in Nigeria. My research questions include: Is there a relationship between corruption and unemployment? How has corruption impacted on the unemployment rate in Nigeria? JUSTIFICATION: It is not a misconception to suggest a high level of employment and an increasing industrial society in a state that is endowed with huge natural and mineral resources. The Nigerian situation is an exception in the sense that despite her abundant resources, the citizens still suffer high rate of unemployment. The increasing rate of unemployment in the country has been attributed to presence of corrupt public officials in the political, economic and social affairs of the nation. The corrupt practices of such corrupt officials which include nepotism, money laundering, mismanagement of public fund, bribery, fraud have increased the unemployment rate in the country. The uniqueness of the Nigerian situation triggered my interest in this paper, with the aim of finding the nexus between corruption and unemployment and thereafter explain how corrupt has impacted (negatively) on the unemployment rate in Nigeria. In answering the above listed research question, I will attempt to analyse the corrupt practices among public officials in Nigeria and evaluate its impact (of these practice) on the unemployment rate in the country. This paper will go a step further to proffer possible mechanism that could curb the menace of corruption, thereby reducing the unemployment rate in the country by adequately utilizing their God’s given resources for the good of the citizens. LITERATURE REVIEW/THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK The variables included in this paper are corruption and unemployment. Corruption is the independent variable that determines the unemployment rate (dependent variable) in the country. Increases in corruption will most likely lead to an increase in the unemployment rate in a country and a decrease in corruption will also mean a decrease in the unemployment rate in the country. However, an increase in the unemployment rate in a country could also cause an increase in corruption because there a high possibility of an unemployed population to indulge more in corrupt practices as a means of livelihood, therefore the dependent variable could also cause the independent variable. I will say however that there is a correlation between both variables because the high rate of unemployment in Nigeria is caused by the increase in corruption in the country. There is also a cofounding variable Z that makes the relationship between both variables spurious because there are states that are corrupt an d yet witness low unemployment rate and there are also states that have reduced rate of corruption and still experience high rate of unemployment. This existence of these states with exceptions shows a spurious relationship between corruption and unemployment. Definition of Concepts The term corruption has been defined conceptually and operationally by different scholars and institutions. Corruption as defined by Transparency International (TI) is â€Å"the misuse of entrusted power for private gains†. Corruption is a menace that occurs not only in developing countries, but also in the first world countries, however, it is prevalent in developing countries of Asia and Africa. Corruption is not limited to a particular political system, but as a regular phenomenon, it exists in all forms of political system. Closely related to the definition of corruption by Transparency International, the World Bank definition of corruption goes thus â€Å"the misuse of public office for private gain†. According to Brooks, corruption is intentional because public officials are aware of their duties, but they neglect it for reasons that are not intended by the state (Brook 1970). Corruption is referred to as â€Å"mother of all crime† and is included in four f orms which include bribery, graft, nepotism and prebendalism (Akinseye 2000). Conclusively, I see corruption as an illegal extra benefit that is sought by public officials at the detriment of public. I call it â€Å"illegal extra benefit† because they not legally entitled to it. Unemployment however, can be described as the condition of persons who are willing and able to work, but are not able to find job. When the supply of labour is more that the demand for labour, this could cause unemployment and joblessness as a result of lack of employment, youths may be forced to indulge in illegal means of livelihood and this may result in unemployment (Echebiri 2005; Onah 2001). The various forms of unemployment include frictional, structural, seasonal and cyclical employment. According to a report by the International Labour Organisation, the global rate of unemployment is increasing steadily and the number of people without job has increased to above 195million, which is 6.3% in the world (ILO 2007). An increasing per cent of this figure are found in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. According to Todaro, the increasing rate of unemployment is geared by the transfer of movement and economic activities from rural to urban areas (Todaro 1992). The unemplo yed is defined by the International Labour Organisation as the amount of a population who are economically active and are without job, but are willing and are seeking jobs including those that have voluntarily dropped their work and those that have lost their jobs. (World Bank 1998:63). Unemployment in Nigeria however can be divided into two: those that have lost their jobs and those that have not ever been employed. In this paper, I subscribe to the Huntington theory of modernisation that focuses on the process of change and the reaction of states to such changes. This however forms my theoretical base for the purpose of explaining the problem of corruption of which unemployment is a product. The modernisation theory also implies a transformational process from a traditional society to a modern society through the introduction of modern practices. According to Adefulu, modernisation theory is one of the theories of corruption. He argued that political stability, inequality and corruption were breaded by the political and economic process of state modernization (Adefulu, 2007). The transformation from traditional states to modern societies left some loop holes for corrupt practices. This has further increased the unemployment rate in Nigeria. In the society before modernisation, public officials were not as corrupt as in our contemporary days. Companies like the African Timber and Plywood, Sapele , Nigeria, the Delta Steel Company, Delta state, Nigeria and several other big industries and companies in Nigeria that employed thousands of Nigerians were functional and active until this modernisation process started, where Nigeria started modernisation practices as opposed to the previous state system where top leaders and rulers owe allegiance to the traditional institution. The consequence of corrupt practices in public offices in the traditional institution was death and the fear of this consequences reduced corruption to the barest minimum. Public officials then were accountable and responsible in their operations and the society experienced a very low rate of unemployment because of the reduced rate of corruption. The transfer to a modern state system has increased the corruption rate, thereby increasing the rate of unemployment in the country. HYPOTHESES. Given the above mentioned theoretical framework, my hypothesis in this work is. There is a correlation between corruption and unemployment. Corruption has impacted negatively on the unemployment rate in Nigeria. DATA AND METHODOLOGY My research data (collection of information) will include both primary and secondary sources. Primary Sources: Data that will be collected from primary source will include personal interview. Secondary Sources: Secondary sources for my research will include Transparency International Corruption Index (TI), CIA World Fact book, World Bank data etc. these sources have provided adequate, accurate and reliable information that have been of help to researchers, hence I consider them worthy of reference. Academic journals and articles will also be consulted in the course of my work. This paper will rely on observational study and will involve a small-n design by focusing on just Nigeria as my case study because the paper seeks to examine not only a relationship between corruption and unemployment, but also to identify how corruption has been able to cause a high rate of unemployment in Nigeria and possible solutions to this problem of unemployment in the country. REFERENCES Akinseye George, Y: Legal System, Corruption and Governance in Nigeria, Lagos. (2000) Adefulu A. Razaa: Neo Patrimonialism the modern Africans state and corruptions syndrome. (2007) Awogbenle, A.C. Iwuamadi, K.C: Youth Unemployment: Entrepreneurship Development Programme as an Intervention Mechanism. . (2010) Central Intelligence Agency: The World Fact Book (2014) Echebiri, R.N: Characteristics and Determinants of Urban Youth Unemployment in Umuahia, Nigeria: (2005) International Labor Organization: Youth: Pathway to Decent Work (2005). Todaro, M: England: Longman Group, U.K. Limited; Economics for a Developing World, (1992) Transparency International Corruption Perspective Index (2013) World Bank: World Development Indicators. Washington, D.C. (1998)

Essay --

Cousin Kate is a poem about a young woman who is seduced by a Lord. He soon ensnares her and marries her cousin Kate instead, leaving behind a broken-hearted cottage maiden. The maiden is soon classed as a fallen woman and is treated like an outcast in society. She is bitter and jealous of her cousin but soon reveals that she has the one thing her cousin does not and desperately wants: a son and replacement to the Lord. The poem begins by saying ‘I was a cottage maiden’. It is a simple beginning, talking in the past tense. She tells us she is lower class person. It later says she is ‘Hardened by sun and air’ this shows that the cottage maiden is strong and worked outside on land and it also suggests by the use of the words â€Å"contented with my cottage mates† that she was happy and a sense of community . Then it says ‘why did a great lord find me out,’ this tells us that the lord has been chasing after her and she has been caught by him. In this stanza there is a question asked to the question reveals that the girl is puzzled about the lord is after her. This suggests that she is aware that he has different motives rather than love and romance. This also shows that she knows the compliment is false and just a way of seducing her into bed. The second stanza is where the great lord isn’t so â€Å"great† anymore. He lured and tricked her into going to his palace home. She then saw another life. Life without working and cleaning; however, the lord doesn’t take her seriously. He doesn’t feel like he has too as they are not married. â€Å"He wore me like a silken knot† is a simile which defines how he used her in his own way. He just wanted her as an accessory. â€Å"He changed me like a glove† this quote is also a simile which outlines h... ...fair haired son, my shame, my pride† We are told she has a son, and that not only is it a memory of her shame but he is her pride. He’s all she has. Then the last three lines on stanza six are switched. The narrator is now talking to her son, her pride. â€Å"Your father would give lands for one† she is telling her son that if his father really wanted to, he would take him and would leave her (the narrator) with nothing. In conclusion, â€Å"Cousin Kate† is an extremely complicated poem, and even though there’s hate and heartbreak throughout, she ends up with pride. The narrator let the lord control her, power over her and make her what he wanted; however, Cousin Kate didn’t. She would only let him have sex with her if she could still be pure; this means that she would have to be married to do so. This probably made the lord have massive respect for Kate and not the narrator.